FRAMES

1. Birthday-Party Frame (after Minsky)

   Dress:	Sunday best OR casual
   Present:	Must please host Must be bought and gift-wrapped
   Games:	Pin tail on donkey Hot potato Duck duck goose goose
   Decor:	Balloons Favors
   Party-meal:	Cake: Candles   Blow out   Make wish   Sing "Happy Birthday to You" Ice cream: Standard 3-flavor Soda Pizza

2. A frame system (after Luger & Stubblefield):

   frame hotel_room
   isa room // pointer to frame room
   location hotel
   contains (hotel_chair hotel_phone hotel_bed) // pointers

   frame hotel_chair
   isa chair
   comfort uncomfortable

   frame chair
   isa furniture
   use sitting
   legs 4 // default value
   height 20-40 cm // default value

   frame hotel_phone
   isa phone
   use (call_friends call_room-service)
   billing charge_to_room // could be a procedure

   frame hotel_bed
   isa bed
   size king
   

   frame bed
   isa furniture
   use sleeping
   parts (mattress bedframe)

   frame mattress
   isa cushion
   firmness firm

1. Minsky, Marvin (1974), "A Framework for Representing Knowledge", Memo 306 (Cambridge, MA: MIT AI Lab).
   Various portions reprinted in:
   • Winston, Patrick Henry (ed.) (1975), The Psychology of Computer Vision (New York: McGraw-Hill): 211-277.
     This version reprinted in:
     • Collins, Allan M. & Smith, Edward E. (eds.) (1988), Readings in Cognitive Science (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann): 156-189.
   • Haugeland, John (1981), "Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Design", in John Haugeland (ed.), Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 95-128.
     This version reprinted in:
     • Brachman, Ronald J. & Levesque, Hector J. (eds.) (1985), Readings in Knowledge Representation (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann): 245-262.
     • Haugeland, John (ed.) (1997), Mind Design II: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence; revised and enlarged edition (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 111-142.

2. Kuipers, Benjamin J. (1975), "A Frame for Frames: Representing Knowledge for Recognition," in D.G. Bobrow & A. Collins (eds.), Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science (Orlando, FL: Academic Press): 151-184.
   • Note: The Bobrow & Collins volume contains many other papers of relevance to KR.

3. Hayes, Pat (1979), "The Logic of Frames", [PDF] in D. Metzing (ed.), Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter): 46-61.
   Reprinted in:
   • Brachman, Ronald J. & Levesque, Hector J. (eds.) (1985), Readings in Knowledge Representation (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann): 287-295.

4. Fikes, Richard, & Kehler, Tom (1985), "The Role of Frame-Based Representation in Reasoning", Communications of the ACM 28(9): 904-920.