Translating from English to a First-Order Language

Here are some references to algorithmic treatments of translation from English to a first-order language (i.e., a language for first-order [or "predicate"] logic).

1. Kalish, Donald; Montague, Richard; & Mar, Gary (1964, 1980), Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning, Second Edition (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich)
   • SCI/ENGR Book Collection BC135 .K18 1980

   • Ch. I ("`NOT' and `IF'"), Sect. 2: "From symbols to English and back", pp. 8-13.
   • Ch. II ("`AND', `OR', `IF AND ONLY IF'"), Sect. 2: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 53-59.
   • Ch. III ("`ALL' and `SOME'"), Sect. 4: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 126-139.
   • Ch. IV ("`ALL' and `SOME', continued"), Sect. 4: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 209-219.
   • Ch. V ("`IS' (in one sense)"), Sect. 2: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 264-269.
   • Ch. VI ("`THE'"), Sect. 4: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 315-318.

   • PDF of the above sections

2. Otto, Herbert R. (1978), The Linguistic Basis of Logic Translation (Washington, DC: University Press of America).
   • LOCKWOOD Book Collection BC135 .O84

3. Schagrin, Morton L. (1979), The Language of Logic: A Self-Instruction Text, 2nd edition (New York: Random House).
   • First edition (which lacks the 2nd edition's section on relations) is in LOCKWOOD Book Collection BC135 .S3

4. Representing English Sentences in FOL