English | example | logic | SNePS | example |
---|---|---|---|---|
x is a Y | John is a computer scientist | Y(x) or: x \epsilon Y |
M / \ / \ member class / \ / \ | | V V x Y |
M / \ / \ member class / \ / \ | | V V John computer scientist |
x is Y | John is rich | Y(x) | M / \ / \ object property / \ / \ | | V V x Y |
M / \ / \ object property / \ / \ | | V V John rich |
x stands in the relation R to y | John is taller than Ann | R(x,y) | M /|\ / | \ / | \ arg1 rel arg2 / | \ / | \ | | | V V V x R y |
M /|\ / | \ / | \ arg1 rel arg2 / | \ / | \ | | | V V V John taller Ann than |
(This generalizes to:) | R(t1,...,tn) | M /|\ / | \ / | \ / | \ rel arg1..argn / | \ / | .. \ | | | V V V R t1 .. tn | ||
All As are Bs | All dogs are animals | \forall x [A(x) => B(x)] | M /| \ / | \ / | \ / | \ ant | cq / | \ / | \ | forall | V | V P1 | P2 /\ | /\ / \ | / \ / \ | / \ class member | member class / \ | / \ / \ | / \ / \ | / \ / \|/ \ | | | V V V A x B [dog] [animal] |
Here's an extended example, with 2 corresponding, but slightly different, SNePS networks (one with ``default'' arc labels, as above, and one with more descriptive arc labels):
John bought a book from Mary
M1----time--->past /|\ / | \ / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ rel arg1 arg2 arg3 / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ | | | | V V V V buy John B1 Mary ^ | | member | | M2---class--->book
M2----time--->past / \ / | \ / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ act agent object from / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ / | | \ / / \ \ | | | | V V V V buy John B1 Mary ^ | | member | | M2---class--->book
Now, translate each of the following sentences (from HW #8) into SNePS. Be sure to give your syntax and semantics:
a) Mary gave Michael an ice-cream cone.
b) Basketball players are tall.
c) Robert cut down the tree with an axe.
d) All the ingredients are in a bowl and mixed thoroughly.
DUE: AT THE START OF LECTURE: WEDNESDAY, MAY 1 |