Ontology

1. An ontology of ice cream :-)

2. Aristotle's categories:
   • Ward, Ken (1998), "Aristotle's Categories: It's All Greek to Me!"
   • Cohen, S. Marc (2003), "Aristotle's Metaphysics"
   • Cohen, S. Marc (2004), "Predication and Ontology: The Categories"

3. Jorge Luis Borges's categories of animals

4. Noy, Natalya F., & McGuinness, Deborah L. (2001), "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology"

5. Barry Smith's ontology websites:
   • Ontology website
   • From his homepage

   • Especially recommended: Smith, Barry (2003), "Ontology: An Introduction" (with a video: "How to Build an Ontology")

6. Gruber, Tom, "What Is an Ontology?

7. From the Laboratory for Applied Ontology:
   • Guarino, Nicola (1995), "Formal Ontology, Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation", International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 43(5/6): 625-640.

   • Guarino, Nicola, & Giaretta, Pierdaniele (1995), "Ontologies and Knowledge Bases: Towards a Terminological Clarification", in N.J.I. Mars (ed.), Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases (IOS Press).

   • Guarino, Nicola (1997), "Understanding, Building, and Using Ontologies" [pdf], International Journal Of Human-Computer Studies 46(2-3): 293-310.
     • conference version (html)

8. "The Ontology Page"

9. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45 (2002), No. 2: Ontology: Different ways of representing the same concept
   See especially:
   • Castel, Felipe (2002), "Ontological Computing", pp. 29-30.

10. Corazzon, Raul (2005), "Ontology: A Resource Guide for Philosophers"
    • For fun, type "rapaport" into the search window :-)

11. Intensional KR:
    • Intensionality vs. Intentionality

    • Readings on intensionality (and the de re/de dicto distinction) in SNePS.

12. Time and Tense

13. Ethnophysiography
    • Contains link to:
      Mark, David M.; & Turk, Andrew G. (2003), "Landscape Categories in Yindjibarndi: Ontology, Environment, and Language", COSIT'03.

14. CYC
    • Lenat, Douglas B. (1995), "CYC: A Large-Scale Investment in Knowledge Infrastructure", Communications of the ACM 38(11): 33-38.

15. Ontology Problem from B&L