Conference Papers

  1. Yalavarthi, B.; Kaushik, A.; Sharma, T.; Jutla, C.; Ratha, N. (2025). Secure Sleep Apnea Detection with FHE and Deep Learning on ECG Signals. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 49-64.
  2. Kaushik, A.; Jutla, C.; Ratha, N. (2025). Towards Building Secure UAV Navigation with FHE-Aware Knowledge Distillation. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 373-388.
  3. Kaushik, A.; Sunil Rufus, R.; Ratha, N. (2025). Enhancing Authorship Attribution Through Embedding Fusion: A Novel Approach with Masked and Encoder-Decoder Language Models. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 460-471.
  4. Agarwal, A.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R.; Ratha, N. (2024). Supervised Mixup: Protecting the Likely Classes for Adversarial Robustness. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 30-45.
  5. Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N. (2024). Face Morphing Detection in Social Media Content. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 801-806.
  6. Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N. (2024). Deepfake: Classifiers, fairness, and demographically robust algorithm. IEEE 18th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), 9-Jan.
  7. Yalavarthi, B.; Ratha, N.; Kaushik, A.; Sharma, T.; Jutla, C. (2024). Privacy-enhanced Graph Edge Convolutional Networks. IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 5-Jan.
  8. Mohammadi, A.; Ratha, N. (2024). Hierarchical Multi-Branch Deepfake Detection Network (HMBDDN). IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 6-Jan.
  9. Roy, S.; Yalavarthi, B.; Ratha, N. (2024). Efficient Convolutions using Box-Filters for Low-Latency Image Processing. IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 5-Jan.
  10. Humphry, C.; Pushparaj, S.; Ratha, N. (2024). Secure Vascular Biometric Recognition. IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 5-Jan.
  11. Kale, N.; Ratha, N. (2024). Active Multi-Modal Approach for Enhanced User Recognition in Social Robots. IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 5-Jan.
  12. Yalavarthi, B.; Kaushik, A.; Ross, A.; Boddeti, V.; Ratha, N. (2024). Enhancing privacy in face analytics using fully homomorphic encryption. IEEE 18th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), 9-Jan.
  13. Aggarwal, V.; Kaushik, A.; Jutla, C.; Ratha, N. (2024). Enhancing privacy and security of autonomous uav navigation. IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI), 518-523.
  14. Malik, A.; Ratha, N.; Yalavarthi, B.; Sharma, T.; Kaushik, A.; Jutla, C. (2024). Confidential and Protected Disease Classifier using Fully Homomorphic Encryption. IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI), 365-370.
  15. Sharma, T.; Ratha, N.; Jutla, C. (2024). Privacy-Preserving Ensemble Learning Using Fully Homomorphic Encryption. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 201-214.
  16. Agarwal, A.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R.; Ratha, N. (2023). Robustness against gradient based attacks through cost effective network fine-tuning. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 28-37.
  17. Ojaswee, O.; Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N. (2023). Benchmarking Image Classifiers for Physical Out-of-Distribution Examples Detection. IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW), 4429-4437.
  18. Sharma, T.; Ratha, N.; Ross, A. (2023). Fully homomorphic encryption operators for score and decision fusion in biometric identification. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), 6-Jan.
  19. Sharma, R.; Jawade, B.; Agarwal, A.; Setlur, S.; Ratha, N. (2023). Attention Guided Multi-attribute Architecture For Deepfake Detection. IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 4-Jan.
  20. Bagchi, S.; Ratha, N. (2023). Image Enhancement for Unconstrained Environments. IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 5-Jan.
  21. Jawade, B.; Mohan, D.; Setlur, S.; Ratha, N.; Govindaraju, V. (2022). RidgeBase: A cross-sensor multi-finger contactless fingerprint dataset. IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), 9-Jan.
  22. Jain, V.; Agarwal, A.; Singh, R.; Vatsa, M.; Ratha, N. (2022). Robust iris presentation attack detection through stochastic filter noise. 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 1134-1140.
  23. Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R. (2022). Exploring robustness connection between artificial and natural adversarial examples. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 179-186.
  24. Sperling, L.; Ratha, N.; Ross, A.; Boddeti, V. (2022). HEFT: Homomorphically encrypted fusion of biometric templates. IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), 10-Jan.
  25. Bagchi, S.; Chanda, G.; Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N. (2022). On deep learning for dorsal hand vein recognition. IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW), 4-Jan.
  26. Jain, N.; Nandakumar, K.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S.; Kumar, U. (2022). PPDL-privacy preserving deep learning using homomorphic encryption. 5th Joint International Conference on Data Science & Management of Data (9th ACM IKDD CODS and 27th COMAD), 318-319.
  27. Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R. (2021). Impact of super-resolution and human identification in drone surveillance. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), 6-Jan.
  28. Jawade, B.; Agarwal, A.; Setlur, S.; Ratha, N. (2021). Multi loss fusion for matching smartphone captured contactless finger images. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), 6-Jan.
  29. Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R. (2021). Intelligent and adaptive mixup technique for adversarial robustness. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 824-828.
  30. Jain, N.; Nandakumar, K.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S.; Kumar, U. (2021). Optimizing homomorphic encryption based secure image analytics. IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), 6-Jan.
  31. Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R. (2021). When Sketch Face Recognition Meets Mask Obfuscation: Database and Benchmark. 16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2021), 5-Jan.
  32. Jain, N.; Nandakumar, K.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S.; Kumar, U. (2021). Cryptinfer: Enabling encrypted inference on skin lesion images for melanoma detection. First International Conference on AI-ML Systems, 7-Jan.
  33. Sarpatwar, K.; Ratha, N.; Shanmugam, K.; Nandakumar, K.; Pankanti, S.; Vaculin, R. (2020). Privacy enhanced decision tree inference. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 34-35.
  34. Agarwal, A.; Ratha, N.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R. (2020). Cognitive data augmentation for adversarial defense via pixel masking. Pattern Recognition Letters, 244-251.
  35. Goel, A.; Agarwal, A.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R.; Ratha, N. (2020). DNDNet: Reconfiguring CNN for adversarial robustness. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 22-23.
  36. Agarwal, A.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R.; Ratha, N. (2020). Noise is inside me! generating adversarial perturbations with noise derived from natural filters. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 774-775.
  37. Nandakumar, K.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2019). Towards deep neural network training on encrypted data. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 0-0.
  38. Goel, A.; Agarwal, A.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R.; Ratha, N. (2019). Securing CNN model and biometric template using blockchain. IEEE 10th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), 7-Jan.
  39. Nandakumar, K.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2019). Proving multimedia integrity using sanitizable signatures recorded on blockchain. Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security, 151-160.
  40. Goswami, G.; Ratha, N.; Agarwal, A.; Singh, R.; Vatsa, M. (2018). Unravelling robustness of deep learning based face recognition against adversarial attacks. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 32(1).
  41. Agarwal, A.; Singh, R.; Vatsa, M.; Ratha, N. (2018). Are image-agnostic universal adversarial perturbations for face recognition difficult to detect? IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), 7-Jan.
  42. Garg, R.; Baweja, Y.; Ghosh, S.; Singh, R.; Vatsa, M.; Ratha, N. (2018). Heterogeneity aware deep embedding for mobile periocular recognition. IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), 7-Jan.
  43. Kushwaha, V.; Singh, M.; Singh, R.; Vatsa, M.; Ratha, N.; Chellappa, R. (2018). Disguised faces in the wild. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 9-Jan.
  44. Nandakumar, K.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S.; Darnell, S. (2017). Secure one-time biometric tokens for non-repudiable multi-party transactions. IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), 6-Jan.
  45. Siddiqui, T.; Bharadwaj, S.; Dhamecha, T.; Agarwal, A.; Vatsa, M.; Singh, R.; Ratha, N. (2016). Face anti-spoofing with multifeature videolet aggregation. 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 1035-1040.
  46. Goswami, G.; Ratha, N.; Singh, R.; Vatsa, M. (2016). Improving classifier fusion via Pool Adjacent Violators normalization. 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 1011-1016.
  47. Peng, X.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2016). Learning face recognition from limited training data using deep neural networks. 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 1442-1447.
  48. Sagonas, C.; Panagakis, Y.; Arunkumar, S.; Ratha, N.; Zafeiriou, S. (2016). Back to the future: A fully automatic method for robust age progression. 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 4226-4231.
  49. Cheng, Y.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2016). Outlier faces detector via efficient cohesive subgraph identification. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 1659-1663.
  50. Aronowitz, H.; Li, M.; Toledo-Ronen, O.; Harary, S.; Geva, A.; Ben-David, S.; Rendel, A.; Hoory, R.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2014). Multi-modal biometrics for mobile authentication. IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics, 8-Jan.
  51. Bhatt, H.; Singh, R.; Vatsa, M.; Ratha, N. (2012). Matching cross-resolution face images using co-transfer learning. 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1453-1456.
  52. Codella, N.; Connell, J.; Ratha, N.; Weinsaft, J. (2012). Cardiac anatomy as a biometric. 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1137-1140.
  53. Pankanti, S.; Brown, L.; Connell, J.; Datta, A.; Fan, Q.; Feris, R.; Haas, N.; Ratha, N.; Trinh, H. (2012). Practical computer vision: Example techniques and challenges. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 3:1-3:12.
  54. Tyagi, V.; Karanam, H.; Faruquie, T.; Subramaniam, L.; Ratha, N. (2012). Fusing biographical and biometric classifiers for improved person identification. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR2012), 2351-2354.
  55. Ratha, N. (2010). Privacy protection in high security biometrics applications. International Conference on Ethics and Policy of Biometrics, 62-69.
  56. Basak, J.; Kate, K.; Tyagi, V.; Ratha, N. (2010). QPLC: A novel multimodal biometric score fusion method. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition-Workshops, 46-52.
  57. Basak, J.; Kate, K.; Tyagi, V.; Ratha, N. (2010). A gradient descent approach for multi-modal biometric identification. 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1322-1325.
  58. Ramakrishnan, V.; Ratha, N. (2010). Redundancy and diversity measure inspired biometrics fusion. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition-Workshops, 61-66.
  59. Gentile, J.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J. (2009). An efficient, two-stage iris recognition system. IEEE 3rd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, 5-Jan.
  60. Gentile, J.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J. (2009). SLIC: Short-length iris codes. IEEE 3rd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, 5-Jan.
  61. Aggarwal, G.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2008). Physics-based revocable face recognition. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 5232-5235.
  62. Zuo, J.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J. (2008). A new approach for iris segmentation. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 6-Jan.
  63. Zuo, J.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J. (2008). Cancelable iris biometric. 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 4-Jan.
  64. Thomas, A.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2008). Comparative analysis of registration based and registration free methods for cancelable fingerprint biometrics. 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 4-Jan.
  65. Chikkerur, S.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2008). Generating registration-free cancelable fingerprint templates. IEEE Second International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, 6-Jan.
  66. Biswas, S.; Ratha, N.; Aggarwal, G.; Connell, J. (2008). Exploring ridge curvature for fingerprint indexing. IEEE Second International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, 6-Jan.
  67. Aggarwal, G.; Ratha, N.; Jea, T.; Bolle, R. (2008). Gradient based textural characterization of fingerprints. IEEE Second International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, 5-Jan.
  68. Zuo, J.; Ratha, N.; Connell, J. (2008). Median filter based iris encoding technique. IEEE Second International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, 6-Jan.
  69. Aggarwal, G.; Ratha, N.; Bolle, R.; Chellappa, R. (2008). Multi-biometric cohort analysis for biometric fusion. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 5224-5227.
  70. Farooq, F.; Ratha, N.; Jea, T.; Bolle, R. (2007). Security and accuracy trade-off in anonymous fingerprint recognition. First IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, 6-Jan.
  71. Farooq, F.; Bolle, R.; Jea, T.; Ratha, N. (2007). Anonymous and revocable fingerprint recognition. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 7-Jan.
  72. Ratha, N.; Figueroa-Villanueva, M.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2004). A secure protocol for data hiding in compressed fingerprint images. Biometric Authentication: ECCV 2004 International Workshop, BioAW 2004, Prague, Czech Republic, May 15th, 2004. Proceedings, 205-216.
  73. Bolle, R.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2004). Performance evaluation in 1: 1 biometric engines. Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, 27-46.
  74. Bolle, R.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2004). An evaluation of error confidence interval estimation methods. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2004, 103-106.
  75. Bolle, R.; Pankanti, S.; Ratha, N. (2004). Evaluation techniques for biometrics-based authentication systems (FRR). Proceedings 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR-2000, 831-837.
  76. Chikkerur, S.; Govindaraju, V.; Pankanti, S.; Bolle, R.; Ratha, N. (2004). Minutiae Verification in Fingerprint Images Using Steerable Wedge Filters. ICVGIP, 611-616.
  77. Bolle, R.; Pankanti, S.; Ratha, N. (2004). Iris individuality: A partial iris model. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2004, 927-930.
  78. Osborne, M.; Ratha, N. (2003). A jc-bioapi compliant smart card with biometrics for secure access control. International Conference on Audio-and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, 903-910.
  79. Figueroa-Villanueva, M.; Ratha, N.; Bolle, R. (2003). A comparative performance analysis of JPEG 2000 vs. WSQ for fingerprint image compression. International Conference on Audio-and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, 385-392.
  80. Noronha, S.; Dorai, C.; Ratha, N.; Bolle, R. (2003). Architecture for synchronous multiparty authentication using biometrics. International Conference on Audio-and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, 609-616.
  81. Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2002). Secure Fingerprint-Based User Authentication for Lotus Notes. IBM Research Journal, 11-Jan.
  82. Pankanti, S.; Ratha, N.; Bolle, R. (2002). Structure in errors: a case study in fingerprint verification. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 440-443.
  83. Bolle, R.; Senior, A.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2002). Fingerprint minutiae: A constructive definition. Biometric Authentication: International ECCV 2002 Workshop Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1, 2002 Proceedings, 58-66.
  84. Senior, A.; Bolle, R.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2002). Fingerprint minutiae: a constructive definition. IEEE ECCV Workshop on Biometrics.
  85. Connell, J.; Ratha, N.; Bolle, R. (2002). Fingerprint image enhancement using weak models. International Conference on Image Processing, I-I.
  86. Yao, M.; Pankanti, S.; Haas, N.; Ratha, N.; Bolle, R. (2002). Quantifying quality: A case study in fingerprints. Proc. of IEEE Conference on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies (AutoID), 126-131.
  87. Ratha, N.; Senior, A.; Bolle, R. (2001). Automated biometrics. Advances in Pattern Recognition—ICAPR 2001: Second International Conference Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, March 11–14, 2001 Proceedings, 447-455.
  88. Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2001). Secure fingerprint-based authentication for Lotus Notes®. Proceedings of the 2001 Workshop on Multimedia and Security: New Challenges, 48-51.
  89. Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2001). An analysis of minutiae matching strength. Audio-and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication: Third International Conference, AVBPA 2001 Halmstad, Sweden, June 6–8, 2001 Proceedings, 223-228.
  90. Bolle, R.; Connell, J.; Pankanti, S.; Ratha, N.; Senior, A. (2001). Biometric technologies... emerging into the mainstream. Technical Report RC22203 (W0110-041), IBM Research Division, Yorktown.
  91. Bolle, R.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (2001). Confidence interval measurement in performance analysis of biometrics systems using the bootstrap. Proc. Third IEEE Workshop on Empirical Evaluation Methods in Computer Vision.
  92. Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2000). Cancelable biometrics. Biometric Consortium 2000 Conference, 13-14.
  93. Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2000). Secure data hiding in wavelet compressed fingerprint images. Proceedings of the 2000 ACM Workshops on Multimedia, 127-130.
  94. Ratha, N.; Bolle, R.; Pandit, V.; Vaish, V. (2000). Robust fingerprint authentication using local structural similarity. Proceedings Fifth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, 29-34.
  95. Ghosal, S.; Ratha, N.; Udupa, R.; Pankanti, S. (2000). Hierarchical partitioned least squares filter-bank for fingerprint enhancement. Proceedings 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR-2000, 334-337.
  96. Ghosal, S.; Udupa, R.; Panknti, S.; Ratha, N. (2000). Learning partitioned least squares filters for fingerprint enhancement. Proceedings Fifth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, 7-Feb.
  97. Dorai, C.; Ratha, N.; Bolle, R. (2000). Detecting dynamic behavior in compressed fingerprint videos: Distortion. Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2000, 320-326.
  98. Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (2000). A biometrics-based secure authentication system. Proc. IEEE Workshop Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies, 70-73.
  99. Ratha, N.; Jain, A.; Rover, D. (2000). FPGA-based coprocessor for text string extraction. Proceedings Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, 217-221.
  100. Bolle, R.; Ratha, N. (1999). Minutia template exchange format. IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies, 74-77.
  101. Ratha, N.; Connell, J.; Bolle, R. (1998). Image mosaicing for rolled fingerprint construction. Proceedings, Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1651-1653.
  102. Ratha, N.; Bolle, R. (1998). Effect of controlled image acquisition on fingerprint matching. Proceedings, Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1659-1661.
  103. Bolle, R.; Ratha, N.; Pankanti, S. (1997). Research issues in biometrics. Computer Vision—ACCV'98: Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision Hong Kong, China, January 8–10, 1998 Proceedings, 9-Feb.
  104. Ratha, N.; Jain, A. (1997). FPGA-based computing in computer vision. Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception, CAMP'97, 128-137.
  105. Ratha, N.; Jain, A. (1997). Multilayer perceptrons on Splash 2. Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception, CAMP'97, 138-142.
  106. Ratha, N.; Jain, D.; Rover, D. (1996). FPGA-based high performance page layout segmentation. Proceedings of the Sixth Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, 29-34.
  107. Ratha, N.; Jain, D. (1996). Fingerprint matching on Splash 2. Splash, 117-140.
  108. Ratha, N.; Jain, A.; Rover, D. (1995). An FPGA-based point pattern matching processor with application to fingerprint matching. Proceedings of Conference on Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, 394-401.
  109. Ratha, N.; Acar, T.; Gokmen, M.; Jain, A. (1995). A distributed edge detection and surface reconstruction algorithm. Proceedings of Conference on Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, 149-154.
  110. Ratha, N.; Jain, A.; Chung, M. (1995). Clustering using a coarse-grained parallel genetic algorithm: a preliminary study. Proceedings of Conference on Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, 331-338.
  111. Ratha, N.; Jain, A. (1995). High performance custom computing for image segmentation. High Performance Computing Conference, New Delhi, 67-72.
  112. Judd, D.; Ratha, N.; McKinley, P.; Weng, J.; Jain, A. (1994). Parallel implementation of vision algorithms on workstation clusters. Proceedings of the 12th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol. 2-Conference B: Computer Vision & Image Processing, 317-321.
  113. Choi, S.; Ratha, N.; Chung, M.; Rovery, D. (1994). Signal processing applications using VHDL on Splash 2. Proc. of VHDL Intl. Users' Forum, Fall Conference, Virginia, 6.11-6.19.