Introduction to Cognitive Science

Categories

Last Update: Friday, 27 June 2014

Note: NEW or UPDATED material is highlighted



For instructions on how to access articles from certain journals (notably Psychological Review) from buffalo.edu machines,
link to: "Classic (Online) Readings in Cognitive Science"


  1. From MITECS:

    1. Medin, Douglas L.; & Aguilar, Cynthia (2001), "Categorization".

    2. Hampton, James A. (2001), "Concepts".

  2. Ontology and ontologies in AI

  3. Miller, George A. (1956), "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information", Psychological Review 63(2) (March): 81-97.


  4. The Work of Eleanor Rosch & Colleagues:

    1. Rosch, Eleanor; & Mervis, Carolyn B. (1975), "Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories", Cognitive Psychology 7: 573-605.

    2. Rosch, Eleanor (1978), "Principles of Categorization", in Eleanor Rosch & Barbara B. Lloyd (eds.), Cognition and Categorization (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 27-48.

    3. Mervis, Carolyn B.; & Rosch, Eleanor (1981), "Categorization of Natural Objects", Annual Review of Psychology 32: 89-115.

      • An excellent survey article.

    4. NEW
      For a precursor, see:
      Brown, Roger (1958), "How Shall a Thing Be Called?", Psychological Review 65(1): 14–21.
      NEW
    Pickles


  5. Lakoff, George (1987), Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

  6. At UB:

    1. J. David Smith (PSY)

      • Smith, J.D.; & Minda, J.P. (2002), "Distinguishing prototype-based and exemplar-based processes in category learning", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 28(4) (July): 800–811.

          The authors contrast exemplar-based and prototype-based processes in dot-pattern categorization. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants provided similarity ratings of dot-distortion pairs that were distortions of the same originating prototype. The results show that comparisons to training exemplars surrounding the prototype create flat typicality gradients within a category and small prototype-enhancement effects, whereas comparisons to a prototype center create steep typicality gradients within a category and large prototype-enhancement effects. Thus, prototype and exemplar theories make different predictions regarding common versions of the dot-distortion task. Experiment 2 tested these different predictions by having participants learn dot-pattern categories. The steep typicality gradients, the large prototype effects, and the superior fit of prototype models suggest that participants refer to-be-categorized items to a representation near the category's center (the prototype), and not to the training exemplars that surround the prototype.

    2. David Zubin, Linguistics

  7. On Color Terms:

  8. Miscellaneous:




Copyright © 2007–2014 by William J. Rapaport (rapaport@buffalo.edu)
http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/575/categories.html-20140627